One of the most impressive archaeological museums in the world, it is divided into many sections hosting different collections. The most important is the celebrated Farnese marble collection, known all over the world for its masterpieces like the Farnese Hercules and the Farnese Bull.

The Vesuvian collection is a unique exhibition of all the findings from the ancient cities buried by the Vesuvius during the eruption of the year 79 and it includes artifacts and remains detached from Pompei, Herculaneum, Stabiae and many other centres, which had been built at the bottom of the volcano, before the eruption. The Egyptian section is considered to be one of the most valuable in Italy and it includes the renowned Borgia's collection. A section hosting remains of the greek time, include also findings from Cumae and Pithecusae, as well as pre-historic findings, which testify the history of the entire Campania region since the Paleolithic Age.